Profile
Tony Fang is the Stephen Jarislowsky Chair in Economic and Cultural Transformation at Memorial University of Newfoundland and an Adjunct Professor with the University of Toronto. He currently holds the J. Robert Beyster Faculty Fellowship at Rutgers University. Employment Equity Act Review Task Force, Government of Canada (2021-2023, has set on )the World Bank's Expert Advisory Committee on Migration and Development (2014-19) and was the Director of the Master of International Business Program at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia (2013-14). He served as the President of the Chinese Economists Society (2012-13) and the Domain Leader at CERIS, Ontario Metropolis Centre (2009-12). He was a visiting professor at Harvard University and NBER, Wharton School, City University of Hong Kong, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Tsinghua University, Fudan University, University of Science and Technology of China, and Hanyang University (South Korea).
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Examining the Determinants of Managers' Hiring Attitudes Towards Immigrant Workers: Evidence from an Employer Survey Memorial University Publication 2024-06-03 Diaspora economics. TRS2 1.4 Memorial University Publication 2023-06-07 TRS2 1.4 Examining determinants of employers' attitudes toward hiring immigrant workers: Evidence from an employer survey. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 1-16. Memorial University Publication 2023-06-05 Best practices for employers to hire immigrants This session includes various perspectives on how to support employers, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to hire more immigrant talents. Since SMEs are the backbone of the Canadian economy, providing about 90% of employment in the private sector, it is critical to empower SMEs to hire and retain immigrants. Our presentations explore the effectiveness of innovative approaches, such as a social resilience lens, the adoption of employer-driven skills training and employment services, needs assessment of local SMEs, and wraparound supports, in the ecosystem.
TRS2 1.6 Toronto Metropolitan University, Memorial University Conference 2025-03-14 TRS2 1.6 AI, Remote Work, and Productivity: An International Conference Welcome note and chairmanship of AI, Remote Work, and Productivity: An International Conference at St. John's. TRS2 1.6, TRS2 2.2, TRS2 1.7 Memorial University, Toronto Metropolitan University Conference 2025-05-08 TRS2 1.6, TRS2 2.2, TRS2 1.7 Leading Canada’s Economic Growth: Best practices for employers on Immigration, Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Plenary Session in AI, Remote Work, and Productivity: An International ConferenceTRS2 2.2, TRS2 2.1.1 Memorial University, Toronto Metropolitan University Conference 2025-05-09 TRS2 2.2, TRS2 2.1.1 Making a New Journey: Comparing the Settlement Experiences of Adult and Child Refugees in Atlantic Canada This article applies the ACL (Age at migration, Context/contact opportunities, and Life cycle stage) framework and uses qualitative interview data to compare the integration of Syrian adult and child refugees in St. John’s, Canada. Almost all children reported having Canadian-born friends, outpacing adults, facilitated by highly integrated classrooms. Their recreational activities were less structured. While adults focused on language school or settlement agency events, children were more open to new experiences and were more optimistic about Canadian weather and food. They more often walked or bused to school, with adults favouring automobiles for transportation. Memorial University Publication 2025-07-29 Employee ownership and promotive voice: the roles of psychological ownership and perceived alignment of interests Purpose We compare two prominent explanations of employee ownership’s influence on pro-organizational behaviors—psychological ownership and alignment of financial interests—by testing the effects of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) and current profit sharing on promotive voice. ESOPs give employees an ownership stake through granting shares to a trust. Current profit sharing gives employees a portion of profits as a cash payment. To differentiate between the mechanisms, we propose that employee decision influence moderates only the relationship between ESOPs and psychological ownership. Design/methodology/approach Using a National Bureau of Economic Research dataset of employees of 14 USA companies with shared capitalism practices, we conducted a path-analysis of a moderated multiple-mediation regression model using the PROCESS macro. Our sample included 16,557 participants. Findings Psychological ownership partially transmits the effects of ESOP participation and current profit sharing on promotive voice. Employee decision influence strengthens the relationship between ESOP participation and psychological ownership. Perceived alignment of interests does not mediate the relationships between employee ownership and promotive voice. Practical implications Employee ownership increases promotive voice. ESOPs must be combined with employee decision influence to produce psychological ownership. Offering current profit sharing with ESOPs is related to additional psychological ownership and voice. Originality/value In a single model, we test the most prominent explanations for the effects of employee ownership on pro-organizational behavior, in the context of two of the most common forms of employee ownership. Memorial University Publication 2025-06-21 The Chinese labor market and corporate governance Memorial University Publication 2025-04-15 The short-term effects of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes of recent immigrants to Canada Purpose Given these potential negative consequences, it is important to determine how the unanticipated Covid shock affected labour market outcomes of recent immigrants, and whether it had a disproportionately negative effect relative to the Canadian-born, especially for immigrants in the low-level occupations and in the industries that are hard hit by the pandemic. That is the purpose of this analysis and is a main contribution to the literature. Design/methodology/approach We use the LFS data and a conventional Difference-in-Difference (DiD) equation to estimate the differential effects of the COVID-19 lock-down on recent immigrants’ labour market outcomes including employment, actual hours of work and wages, compared to the comparable Canadian-born. Findings Our DiD analysis indicates that Covid-19 had a disproportionately adverse effect on the employment of recent immigrants relative to the Canadian-born and this was especially the case in lower-level occupations and in industries hard hit by the pandemic. The effects of Covid on hours worked for those who remained employed were modest as were the differential effects for recent immigrants. Covid was associated with higher wages for recent immigrants who remain employed relative to their Canadian-born counterparts, and this is especially the case for recent immigrants in lower-level occupations and hard-hit industries. Research limitations/implications The substantial adverse effect of Covid on the employment of recent immigrants, both absolutely and relative to their Canadian-born counterparts, has important implications for the assimilation of immigrants into the Canadian labour market. The fact that this adverse effect is disproportionately felt by recent immigrants in lower-level occupations has equity implications. The fact that the adverse effect is disproportionately felt by recent immigrants in industries hard-hit by the pandemic highlights the double whammy of being in hard-hit sectors with above-average reductions in their employment rate and having their employment probabilities disproportionately reduced in those sectors. Practical implications In addition to recognizing foreign skills, enhancing the skills of recent immigrants can also increase their employability and earnings. Given the growth of the knowledge economy such important skills include core ones in such areas as communication, socio-emotional, digital and basic literacy and numeracy skills, as well as soft skills such as those related to interpersonal relationships, leadership, communication, conflict resolution, teamwork and time management. Assessing the skills of recent immigrants and providing timely and local labour market information (LMI) as well as mentoring, training and information on Canadian workplace cultural norms can also help match the skills of recent immigrants with employer needs. Social implications Disruption in the labour market assimilation of immigrants can inhibit them from earning their living and contributing to tax revenues and lead them to “have-nots” in receipt of transfer payments. Dependency on transfer payments can foster backlashes and the polarization and xenophobia associated with immigrants. Negative labour market experiences for immigrants can contribute to long-lasting downward career mobility and talent waste that can inhibit the ability of Canada to compete for international talent. It can lead to a legacy of longer run even intergenerational negative effects in various dimensions. Clearly this issue merits policy attention. Originality/value Our study utilizes DiD analysis to provide causal estimates of the differential impact of Covid-19 on three outcomes: employment, hours and hourly wages. Comparisons are made for recent immigrants relative to comparable Canadian-born persons prior to the pandemic, and the differential effect of the pandemic on recent immigrants relative to the Canadian-born. A main contribution to the literature is that it also does the comparisons in a separate intersectional fashion for individuals who are in lower-level and higher-level occupations as well as in industries that are low-hit and hard-hit by the pandemic. Memorial University Publication 2025-03-09 Fang, T. , Morley Gunderson, Viet Ha, Ming Hui
Quest for Talents: Attraction and Retention of Highly Skilled Overseas Chinese in the United States and Canada Abstract Using ordinary least squares, probit, and semi-nonparametric regression analysis on survey data, this article examines the factors associated with the successful economic integration of Chinese returnees, as indicated by their career and income satisfaction. Those motivated to return by talent policy are substantially more likely to be economically satisfied and satisfied with their career. The desire to find a marriage partner also positively correlates with satisfaction, whereas researchers are less likely to be satisfied than those in other professions. Moreover, concerns about spousal employment, trade relations, and the rule of law correlate with a lower willingness to return among overseas Chinese. Memorial University Publication 2025-02-14 Fang, T. , Liang Ge, John Hartley, Hui Ming
Behavioral analysis of loan decision-making and influencing factors among food-producing new agricultural operating entities in China The inherent fragility of the agricultural industry significantly restricts the financing channels available to new agricultural operating entities. Access to credit loans emerges as a pivotal means to address capital shortages among farmers and enhance production inputs. Drawing on survey data from 17,745 new agricultural operating entities engaged in food production in Lu’an City, Anhui Province, and agricultural households documented in the China Household Finance Survey Database, this paper employs the Logit model and the Heckman selection model to empirically analyze the loan decision-making behavior of these entities from two perspectives: loan willingness and credit scale. The research reveals that several key variables exert a significant positive influence on the borrowing willingness of grain producers. Specifically, the planting area range, input range per hectare, the rate range of return on investment, membership in cooperatives, and operation as a family farm all notably enhance their willingness to seek loans. Conversely, the net income per hectare and the number of crop types cultivated significantly diminish their inclination to borrow. Additionally, male operators and those with higher educational backgrounds demonstrate a stronger willingness to obtain loans. Furthermore, the study indicates that the planting area and membership in cooperatives also positively correlate with the scale of loans secured by these agricultural operating entities. Therefore, from the perspective of food security, it is essential to cultivate food-producing new agricultural operating entities. This requires a focus on the counter-cyclical adjustment of financial support, increasing credit support during years of low investment returns. Additionally, it is necessary to develop multiple forms of moderate-scale operations, enhance policy support, and boost the production enthusiasm of food-producing new agricultural operating entities. Memorial University Publication 2025-01-27 Do Top Executive’s Immigration Status and Management Perception of Multiculturalism Matter? Memorial University Publication 2025-01-01 Fang, T. , Morley Gunderson, John Hartley
Employee Ownership and Promotive Voice: The Roles of Psychological Ownership and Perceived Alignment of Interests Memorial University Publication 2025-01-01 Migrants from a Different Shore: Earnings and Economic Assimilation of Immigrants from China in the United States Memorial University Publication 2024-10-01 Intersectional analysis of the labour market impacts of COVID on women with young children and in low-skilled jobs Purpose This paper analyzes the differential experiences of women in the Canadian labour market who hold lower-skilled jobs and have school-age children during two waves of Covid compared with more typical conditions pre-pandemic. The article seeks to test the hypothesis that workers at the intersection of womanhood, motherhood and precarious employment would endure even more disadvantageous labour market outcomes during the Covid pandemic than they did prior to it. Design/methodology/approach We employ a Gender-Based Plus (GBA+) and intersectionality lens to examine the differential effect of Covid on the effect of the trifecta of being a woman in a lower-skilled job and facing a motherhood penalty from school-age children. We use a Difference-in-Difference framework with Canadian Labour Force Survey (LFS) data to examine the differential effect of two waves of Covid on three labour market outcomes: employment, hours worked and hourly wages. Findings We find that being a woman in a lower-skilled job with school-age children is associated with lower employment, hours worked and wages in normal times compared to males in those same situations. Such women also face the most severe adjustment consequence from the Covid shock, with that adjustment concentrated on the margin of employment and restricted to the First Wave and not the subsequent Omicron Wave. Originality/value The paper studies a specific intersectional group, assesses pre-pandemic, peak-pandemic and late-pandemic differences in labour market outcomes and runs separate estimations for different job skill levels. We also study a more comprehensive list of labour market outcomes than most studies of a similar nature.TRS2 1.4 Memorial University Publication 2024-09-18 Fang, T. , Morley Gunderson, Viet Ha, Hui Ming
TRS2 1.4 Macroeconomic Impacts of Immigration in the Canadian Atlantic Region: An Empirical Analysis Using the FOCUS Model We simulate the impact of an increase in immigration into the Atlantic Provinces based on the FOCUS macro-econometric model at the University of Toronto. That national model was adapted to reflect the regional dimensions of the Atlantic Provinces. We find robust evidence of positive outcomes for the Atlantic region so long as it is part of a broader increase in immigration for the country as a whole. The positive outcome encompasses higher GDP and GDP per capita, higher consumption, and improved government fiscal balances at both the federal and provincial levels that could in turn be used for tax reductions or the enhancement of government services. These benefits could be enhanced further by carefully targeting new immigrants for needed skills and for their likelihood of remaining in the Atlantic region. Memorial University Publication 2024-04-15 Peter Dungan,
Fang, T. , Morley Gunderson, Steve Murphy
Intersectional Analysis of the Labour Market Impacts of COVID: The Triple-Whammy of Females, Children, and Lower Skill Memorial University Publication 2024-01-01 Fang, T. , Morley Gunderson, Viet Ha, Ming Hui
Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Rural and Smaller Communities in Canada: Recent Trends, Unique Opportunities, and Challenges Memorial University Publication 2024-01-01 Where did the time go? The effects of China’s two-day weekend policy on labor supply, household work, and wages Memorial University Publication 2023-12-23 Morley Gunderson Prize Memorial University Award 2025-04-03 Estimating the Labour Market Impacts of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program Other Memorial University Grant 2025-11-04 Other Developing an EDI-AR Framework and Initiatives for the K-12 System in NL Other Memorial University Grant 2025-01-01 Other Developing a Community-Led Course to Help Newcomers Navigate Healthcare Other Memorial University Grant 2025-01-01 Other Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Rural and Smaller Communities in Canada: Recent Trends, Unique Opportunities, and Challenges TRS2 1.4, TRS2 1.7 Memorial University Publication 2024-12-02 TRS2 1.4, TRS2 1.7 Local MUN economics professor explains how changes to temporary foreign worker laws will affect this province TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Activity 2024-04-25 TRS2 3.1 Canadian Economics Association conference TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Conference 2024-06-01 TRS2 3.1 Trump Tariffs Effect on NL TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Activity 2024-11-26 TRS2 3.1 Trump could place 25 percent tariff on all goods from Canada TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Activity 2024-11-26 TRS2 3.1 "Change to Canada's Immigration Rules" TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Activity 2024-11-07 TRS2 3.1 The Province Needs More International Students TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Activity 2024-11-01 TRS2 3.1 Migrant Integration in the Mid-21st Century: Bridging Divides TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Grant 2025-07-09 TRS2 3.1 Evaluating the Economic Contribution of Immigrants to Atlantic Canada TRS2 1.4 Memorial University Grant 2025-06-05 TRS2 1.4 The regional forum for the National Assembly on Workplace Democracy (NAWD) TRS2 1.4 Memorial University Conference 2025-11-14 Fang, T. , John Peters, Travor Brown, Brenda North
TRS2 1.4 Immigration Roundtable TRS2 1.4, TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Event 2025-10-29 TRS2 1.4, TRS2 3.1 Canadian Council for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (CCSBE) TRS2 1.5, TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Conference 2025-11-28 TRS2 1.5, TRS2 3.1 13th Annual Pathways to Prosperity National Conference TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Conference 2025-11-24 TRS2 3.1 2025 Annual Conference of the Atlantic Canada Economics Association TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Conference 2025-10-18 TRS2 3.1 2025 Atlantic Canada Economics Association Conference TRS2 1.4 Memorial University Conference 2025-10-17 Fang, T. , Rachelle Cochrane, Rhonda Tulk-Lane
TRS2 1.4 The Wage Effects of Restricting Temporary Foreign Workers: Evidence from Canada’s 2014 TFWP Reforms Memorial University Publication 2025-10-24 Determinants and Effects of Remote Work Arrangements: Evidence From an Employer Survey TRS2 3.1 Memorial University Publication 2025-11-24 Fang, T. , Morley Gunderson, John Hartley, Graham King, Hui Ming
TRS2 3.1 The TEAL (Teachers of English as an Additional Language) NL 2024 Conference TRS2 1.4 Memorial University Conference 2024-11-22 TRS2 1.4
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